DCAT-AP-CH¶

Der Schweizer Metadaten-Datenstandard¶

DCAT-AP-CH ist der Schweizer Datenstandard, der derzeit auf opendata.swiss implementiert ist. Er basiert auf dem internationalen DCAT-AP Standard.

Datasets, die auf opendata.swiss geharvestet werden oder per XML-Upload auf die Plattform importiert werden, werden in diesem Format erwartet. DCAT-AP ist ein offener Standard. Ihre Datasets können also auch Felder enthalten, die über diesen Standard hinausgehen. Diese werden bei uns nicht berücksichtigt und auch nicht angezeigt. Auf der anderen Seite haben wir Mindest-Erwartungen an Ihre Metadaten, die hier beschrieben sind. Ebenso finden Sie hier eine Beschreibung optionaler Felder, die von opendata.swiss unterstützt werden. Der DCAT-AP ist in ständiger Weiterentwicklung. Das gilt auch für den DCAT-AP-CH und für den Daten-Standard, der auf opendata.swiss implementiert ist. Daher gibt es teilweise Abweichungen zwischen diesen Datenstandards. Sollten Sie solche feststellen, wenden Sie sich mit Ihren Fragen gerne an uns.

Diese Dokumentation ist derzeit nur in Englisch verfügbar.

RDF-File Structure & Example¶

An RDF Datacatalog has the following structure:

<rdf:RDF>
  <dcat:Catalog>
    <dcat:dataset>
      <dcat:Dataset>
      ...
      </dcat:Dataset>
    </dcat:dataset>
    <dcat:dataset>
      <dcat:Dataset>
      ...
      </dcat:Dataset>
    </dcat:dataset>
    <dcat:dataset>
      <dcat:Dataset>
      ...
      </dcat:Dataset>
    </dcat:dataset>
    ...
  </dcat:Catalog>
</rdf:RDF>

Each Dataset contains Resources, which contain the actual data:

<dcat:Dataset>
  <dcat:distribution>
    <dcat:Distribution>
    ...
    </dcat:Distributiont>
  </dcat:distribution>
  <dcat:distribution>
    <dcat:Distribution>
    ...
    </dcat:Distributiont>
  </dcat:distribution>
  <dcat:distribution>
    <dcat:Distribution>
    ...
    </dcat:Distributiont>
  </dcat:distribution>
  ...
</dcat:Dataset>

Example for Download¶

Have a look at the following file for a quickstart: full dataset example

Namespaces¶

<rdf:RDF
  xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
  xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
  xmlns:dcat="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#"
  xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
  xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
  xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#"
  xmlns:odrs="http://schema.theodi.org/odrs#"
  xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/">

Internationalisation¶

The DCAT-AP for Switzerland Standard expects that text elements of the datasets and their distributions be translated in the following four languages: * French (fr) * German (de) * Italian (it) * English (en)

The multi-lingual elements have to contain the xml:lang attribute, as the following example show:

<dct:title xml:lang="fr">FR Titre</dct:title>
<dct:title xml:lang="de">DE Titel</dct:title>
<dct:title xml:lang="it">IT Titolo</dct:title>
<dct:title xml:lang="en">EN Title</dct:title>

Catalog¶

Please click on the text below for more details.

dcat:Catalog 1..1

Content: Contains nested elements of type dcat:Dataset
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..1
Description: Catalog with datasets

dcat:Catalog¶

<dcat:Catalog>
    <dcat:dataset>
        [...]
    </dcat:dataset>
    [further dcat:dataset]
</dcat:Catalog>

dcat:dataset 1..n

Content: Contains single nested element of dcat:Dataset.
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..n
Description: Wrapper for a dataset of the catalog

dcat:dataset¶

<dcat:dataset>
    <dcat:Dataset rdf:about="http://swisstopo/325">
        [Content of dataset]
    </dcat:Dataset>
</dcat:dataset>
[further dcat:dataset]

Dataset¶

dcat:Dataset 1..1

Content

Contains single nested element of dcat:Dataset.

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:about
Content: Unique identifier for dataset
Mandatory: yes

Description

A single dataset of the catalog

dcat:Dataset¶

<dcat:Dataset rdf:about="http://swisstopo/325">
    [Content of dataset]
</dcat:Dataset>

dct:identifier 1..1

Type: rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..1
Description: Unique identifier of the dataset across all publishers. A good way to make sure this identifier is unique is to link the source system ID with the ID of the publisher: [Source-Dataset-ID]@[Source-Organisation-ID]. It is recommended that the identifier consists out of the following characters: A-Za-z, 0-9 without special characters, except - and _

dct:identifier¶

<dct:identifier>325@swisstopo</dct:identifier>

dct:title 1..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..n (one for each language)

Attributes

Name: xml:lang
Content: en, de, fr, it
Description: Language of the element
Mandatory : yes

Description

Title of the dataset in the language defined by the xml:lang attribute

dct:title¶

 <dct:title xml:lang="de">Eisenbahnlärm Nacht</dct:title>

dct:description 1..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..n (one for each language)

Attributes

Name: xml:lang
Content: en, de, fr, it
Description: Language of the element
Mandatory : yes

Description

Description of the dataset in the the language defined by the xml:lang attribute

dct:description¶

<dct:description xml:lang="de">
    Die Karte zeigt, welcher Lärmbelastung die Bevölkerung
    durch den Schienenverkehr ausgesetzt ist.
</dct:description>

dct:issued 0..n

Type

Date and time in ISO-8601 format

Mandatory

Can be left out if there is no distribution

Cardinality

0..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

dct:issued¶

<dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"> 2013-04-26T01:00:00Z</dct:issued>

dct:modified 0..1

Type

Date and time in ISO-8601 format

Mandatory

Only when the dataset has changed since the first publication

Cardinality

0..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

Description

Date of the last change (since the first publication on opendata.swiss)

dct:modified¶

<dct:modified rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"> 2013-04-26T01:00:00Z</dct:modified>

dct:publisher 1..n

Elements: rdf:Description
Type: Nested element
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..n
Description: The publishers of the dataset. rdf:about is an optional attribute.

dct:publisher¶

<dct:publisher>
    <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://www.bafu.admin.ch/">
        <rdfs:label>Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo</rdfs:label>
    </rdf:Description>
</dct:publisher>

dcat:contactPoint 1..n

Elements: vcard:Organization
Type: vcard:Kind
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..n
Description: One or more contact email addresses for this dataset vcard:fn. Description of the point of contact vcard:hasEmail has an attribute rdf:resource which contains the email of the point of contact (including mailto:)

dcat:contactPoint¶

<dcat:contactPoint>
    <vcard:Organization>
        <vcard:fn>Abteilung Lärm BAFU</vcard:fn>
        <vcard:hasEmail rdf:resource="mailto:noise@bafu.admin.ch"/>
    </vcard:Organization>
</dcat:contactPoint>

<dcat:contactPoint>
    <vcard:Individual>
        <vcard:fn>Sekretariat BAFU</vcard:fn>
        <vcard:hasEmail rdf:resource="mailto:sekretariat@bafu.admin.ch"/>
    </vcard:Individual>
</dcat:contactPoint>

dcat:theme 1..n

Type

skos:Concept http://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html#Concept

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..n

Attributes

Name: rdf:resource
Description: URI to the category
Mandatory: yes

Description

dcat:theme¶

 <dcat:theme rdf:resource="https://opendata.swiss/group/population"/>

dct:language 0..n

Type: rdfs:Literal ISO 639-1 two-letter code
Content: en, de, fr, it
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n (for each language)
Description: Should contain all languages for which a distribution is available. This field is not validated and is used for display purposes. If all distributions are language-independant, this field can be left out.

dct:language¶

 <dct:language>de</dct:language>

dct:relation 0..n

Elements: rdf:Description
Type: Nested element
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: A relation to a document. The rdf:about must link to a related document.

dct:language¶

 <dct:relation>
     <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.bafu.admin.ch/laerm/index.html?lang=de">
         <rdfs:label>Webseite des BAFU</rdfs:label>
     </rdf:Description>
 </dct:relation>

dcat:keyword 0..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

no

Cardinality

0..n

Attributes

Name: xml:lang
Content: en, de, fr, it
Description: Language of the element
Mandatory: yes

Description

Keyword who describes this dataset

dct:language¶

 <dcat:keyword xml:lang="de">Nacht</dcat:keyword>
 <dcat:keyword xml:lang="fr">Nuit</dcat:keyword>
 <dcat:keyword xml:lang="it">Noche</dcat:keyword>
 <dcat:keyword xml:lang="en">Night</dcat:keyword>

dcat:landingPage 0..1

Type: foaf:Document http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Document
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: Website of the dataset with related information

dcat:landingPage¶

 <dcat:landingPage>http://www.bafu.admin.ch/laerm/index.html?lang=de</dcat:landingPage>

dct:spatial 0..n

Type: dct:Location https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/2012-06-14/#terms-Location
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: Geographical classification of the dataset. Can be a description, coordinates, a bounding-box or a polygon. This field currently supports GeoJSON with the LOCN extension . See also: How should dct:spatial and dct:Location be used? |

dct:spatial¶

 <dct:spatial rdf:resource="http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/authority/country/ZWE"/>
 <dct:spatial>Bern</dct:spatial>
 <dct:spatial>
   <dct:Location>
     <locn:geometry rdf:datatype="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.geo+json">
     <![CDATA[
       {
         "type":"Polygon",
         "crs":{"type":"name","properties":{"name":"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84"}},
         "coordinates":[[[-6.41736,55.7447],[2.05827,55.7447],[2.05827,49.8625],[-6.41736,49.8625],[-6.41736,55.7447]]]
       }
     ]]>
     </locn:geometry>
   </dct:Location>
 </dct.spatial>

dct:coverage 0..n

Type: dct:LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/?v=terms#LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: This field is currently not used, use dct:spatial instead.

dct:coverage¶

 <dct:coverage/>

dcat:temporal 0..n

Type: dct:PeriodOfTime https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/2012-06-14/#terms-PeriodOfTime
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: One or more time period(s) that cover the dataset. <schema:startDate> contains the start date, <schema:endDate> contains the end date format for dates: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date

dct:temporal¶

 <dct:temporal>
     <dct:PeriodOfTime>
         <schema:startDate rdf:datatype="<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1905-03-01</schema:startDate>
         <schema:endDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2013-01-05</schema:endDate>
     </dct:PeriodOfTime>
 </dct:temporal>

dct:accrualPeriodicity 0..n

Mandatory

no

Cardinality

0..n

Attributes

Name: rdf:resource
Type: dct:Frequency
Mandatory: yes

Description

The frequency in which this dataset is updated. Values for dct:Frequency: http://dublincore.org/groups/collections/frequency/

dct:accrualPeriodicity¶

 <dct:accrualPeriodicity rdf:resource="http://purl.org/cld/freq/daily"/>

rdfs:seeAlso 0..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

no

Cardinality

0..n

Attributes

Name: rdf:resource
Type: dct:Frequency
Mandatory: yes

Description

Link to related datasets. Contains the identifier of the linked dataset.

rdfs:seeAlso¶

 <rdfs:seeAlso>326@swisstopo</rdfs:seeAlso>

dcat:distribution 1..n

Content: Contains single nested element of type dcat:Distribution. See Definition of dcat:Distribution.
Mandatory: yes
Cardinality: 1..n
Description: Wrapper for a distribution of the dataset

dcat:distribution¶

 <dcat:distribution>
     <dcat:Distribution rdf:about="http://swisstopo/325/ch.bafu.laerm-bahnlaerm_nacht">
         [Content of distribution]
     </dcat:Distribution>
 </dcat:distribution>
 [further distributions]

Distribution¶

dcat:Distribution 1..1

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:about
Content: Unique identifier for distribution
Mandatory: yes

Description

A single distribution of the dataset

dcat:Distribution¶

 <dcat:Distribution rdf:about="http://swisstopo/325/ch.bafu.laerm-bahnlaerm_nacht">
     [Content of distribution]
 </dcat:Distribution>

dct:identifier 0..1

Type: rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..1
Description: Identifier of the distribution in the source system

dct:identifier¶

<dct:identifier>ch.bafu.laerm-bahnlaerm_nacht</dct:identifier>

dcat:title 0..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

no - except if the distribution does not contain all the content of the dataset.

Cardinality

0..n (one for each language)

Attributes

Name: xml:lang
Content: en, de, fr, it
Description: Language of the element
Mandatory: yes

Description

The title of the distribution in the language defined by the xml:lang? attribute. If this element is left out, the dct:title of the dataset is used instead.

dcat:title¶

<dct:title xml:lang="de">WMS (ch.bafu.laerm-bahnlaerm_nacht)</dct:title>

dct:description 0..n

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Mandatory

no - except if the distribution does not contain all the content of the dataset.

Cardinality

0..n (one for each language)

Attributes

Name: xml:lang
Content: en, de, fr, it
Description: Language of the element
Mandatory: yes

Description

Description of the distribution in the language defined by the xml:lang? attribute.

dct:description¶

<dct:title xml:lang="de">WMS (ch.bafu.laerm-bahnlaerm_nacht)</dct:title>

dct:issued 0..1

Type

Date and time in ISO-8601 format

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

0..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

Description

Date of the publication of this distribution

dct:issued¶

<dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"> 2013-05-11T00:00:00Z</dct:issued>

dct:modified 0..1

Type

Date and time in ISO-8601 format

Mandatory

Only when the distribution has changed since the first publication. If this distribution was changed several times, this corresponds to the date of the latest change.

Cardinality

0..1

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

Description

Date of the last change of the distribution

dct:modified¶

<dct:modified rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"> 2015-04-26T00:00:00Z</dct:modified>

dct:language 0..n

Type: rdfs:Literal ISO 639-1 two-letter code
Content: en, de, fr, it
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n (for each language)
Description: Languages in which this distribution is available. If the distribution is language-independant, this can be left out.

dct:language¶

<dct:language>de</dct:language>

dcat:accessURL 1..n

Type

http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..n

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

Description

URL where the distribution can be found. This could be either a download URL, an API URL or a landing page URL. If the distribution is only available through a landing page, this field must contain the URL of the landing page. If a download URL was given for this distribution, this field has to contain the same value.

dcat:accessURL¶

<dcat:accessURL rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI"> http://wms.geo.admin.ch/</dcat:accessURL>

dcat:downloadURL 0..1

Type

https://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#downloadURL

Mandatory

no

Cardinality

0..n

Attributes

Name: rdf:datatype
Content: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI
Description: Type of the field
Mandatory: yes

Description

URL of a data file, if the distribution can be downloaded. For each of these, a dcat:accessURL has to exist.

dcat:downloadURL¶

<dcat:downloadURL rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> http://data.geo.admin.ch.s3.amazonaws.com/ch.fill/data.zip</dcat:downloadURL>

dct:rights 1..1

Type

rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal

Content

NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialAllowed-ReferenceNotRequired (acceptable for opendata.swiss, Open Definition compliant)
NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialAllowed-ReferenceRequired (acceptable for opendata.swiss, Open Definition compliant)
NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialWithPermission-ReferenceNotRequired (acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialWithPermission-ReferenceRequired (acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialNotAllowed-ReferenceNotRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialNotAllowed-ReferenceRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialNotAllowed-ReferenceNotRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialNotAllowed-ReferenceRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialAllowed-ReferenceNotRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialAllowed-ReferenceRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialWithPermission-ReferenceNotRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)
NonCommercialNotAllowed-CommercialWithPermission-ReferenceRequired (not acceptable for opendata.swiss)

Mandatory

yes

Cardinality

1..1

Description

Rights statement of this distribution. This is composed of 3 elements that can be summarized in a string literal: - Non-commercial use: allowed or not allowed - Commercial use: allowed, allowed with permission and not allowed - Reference: required or not required For each of these, a dcat:accessURL has to exist.

rdfs:seeAlso¶

<dct:rights>NonCommercialAllowed-CommercialAllowed-ReferenceNotRequired</dct:rights>

dct:license 0..1

Type: dct:LicenseDocument
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..1
Description: Not used, see dct:rights. This field ensures compatibility to other metadata standards.

dct:license¶

<dct:license/>

dcat:byteSize 0..1

Type: rdfs:Literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal
Mandatory: no - except if the distribution is available as a data download (see downloadURL).
Cardinality: 0..1
Description: Size of the data in bytes

dcat:byteSize¶

<dcat:byteSize>1024</dcat:byteSize>

dcat:mediaType 0..1

Type: dct:MediaTypeOrExtent http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml
Mandatory: no - except if the distribution is available as a data download (see downloadURL).
Cardinality: 0..1
Description: This value will be used to display the ressource-format if the downloadURL is empty. Only values from the list of IANA MIME types http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml

dcat:mediaType¶

<dcat:mediaType>text/html</dcat:mediaType>

dct:format 0..1

Type: dct:MediaTypeOrExtent
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..1
Description: If neither the downloadURL nor the mediaType provide a valid format this value is used to display the format of the ressource.

dct:format¶

<dct:format/>

dct:coverage 0..n

Type: dct:LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/2012-06-14/#terms-LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction
Mandatory: no
Cardinality: 0..n
Description: Distributions can be classified by their location or time period (for example, one for each canton, one for each year, etc.)

dct:coverage¶

<dct:coverage/>